# Indicator 1.3.5: Climatic suitability for leishmaniasis ## Introduction Leishmaniases are climate-sensitive diseases caused by *Leishmania* parasites and transmitted by the bites of infected female **sand flies**. Parts of Europe are endemic for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis caused by *Leishmania infantum*. The estimated number of human cases amount to 1,100–1,900 per 100,000 people in south-eastern Europe and 10,000–17,000 in western Europe. However, notification is not compulsory, with common underreporting and imported cases. The **Climatic Suitability for Leishmaniasis** indicator, published in the [Lancet Countdown in Europe](https://www.lancetcountdown.org/europe/) report, tracks climatic and environmental conditions suitable for human leishmaniasis across all NUTS3 regions of Europe in two decadal periods: 2001-2010 and 2011-2020. ## Content This repository is organised into branches, with each branch corresponding to the respective year of report release. Access to a specific year report release by selecting the desired branch instead of "main", as shown in the image below. **Find [here](https://earth.bsc.es/gitlab/ghr/lcde-leishmaniasis/-/blob/2024/) the branch of this repository corresponding to the latest report (2024).** ## Authors Bruno Carvalho, PhD Carla Maia, PhD Orin Courtenay, PhD Jan Semenza, PhD Rachel Lowe, PhD Contact: bruno.carvalho@bsc.es