# Quality of Service (QOS)

One can specify a Quality of Service (QOS) for each job submitted to Slurm. The quality of service associated with a job will affect the job in three ways:

- Job Scheduling Priority
- Job Preemption
- Job Limits
- Other QOS Options

The QOS's are defined in the Slurm database using the sacctmgr utility.

Jobs request a QOS using the "--qos=" option to the sbatch, salloc, and srun commands.

## Job Scheduling Priority

Job scheduling priority is made up of a number of factors as described in the priority/multifactor plugin. One of the factors is the QOS priority. Each QOS is defined in the SLURM database and includes an associated priority. Jobs that request and are permitted a QOS will incorporate the priority associated with that QOS in the job's multi-factor priority calculation.

To enable the QOS priority component of the multi-factor priority calculation, the "PriorityWeightQOS" configuration parameter must be defined in the slurm.conf file and assigned an integer value greater than zero.

A job's QOS only affects is scheduling priority when the multi-factor plugin is loaded.

## Job Preemption

Slurm offers two ways for a queued job to preempt a running job, free-up the running job's resources and allocate them to the queued job. See the Preemption description for details.

The preemption method is determined by the "PreemptType" configuration parameter defined in slurm.conf. When the "PreemptType" is set to "preempt/qos", a queued job's QOS will be used to determine whether it can preempt a running job.

The QOS can be assigned (using sacctmgr) a list of other QOS's that it can preempt. When there is a queued job with a QOS that is allowed to preempt a running job of another QOS, the SLURM scheduler will preempt the running job.

## Job Limits

Each QOS is assigned a set of limits which will be applied to the job. The limits mirror the limits imposed by the user/account/cluster/partition association defined in the SLURM database and described in the Resource Limits section. When limits for a QOS have been defined, they will take precedence over the association's limits.

Here are the limits that will be imposed on jobs running under a QOS

- GrpCpus The total count of cpus able to be used at any given time from jobs running from this QOS. If this limit is reached new jobs will be queued but only allowed to run after resources have been relinquished from this group.
- GrpCPUMins A hard limit of cpu minutes to be used by jobs running from this QOS. If this limit is reached all jobs running in this group will be killed, and no new jobs will be allowed to run.
- GrpCPURunMins Maximum number of CPU minutes all jobs running with this QOS can run at the same time. This takes into consideration time limit of running jobs. If the limit is reached no new jobs are started until other jobs finish to allow time to free up.
- GrpJobs The total number of jobs able to run at any given time from this QOS. If this limit is reached new jobs will be queued but only allowed to run after previous jobs complete from this group.
- GrpMemory The total amount of memory (MB) able to be used at any given time from jobs running from QOS. If this limit is reached new jobs will be queued but only allowed to run after resources have been relinquished from this group.
- GrpNodes The total count of nodes able to be used at any given time from jobs running from this QOS. If this limit is reached new jobs will be queued but only allowed to run after resources have been relinquished from this group. Each job's node allocation is counted separately (i.e. if a single node has resources allocated to two jobs, this is counted as two allocated nodes).
- GrpSubmitJobs The total number of jobs able to be submitted to the system at any given time from this QOS. If this limit is reached new submission requests will be denied until previous jobs complete from this group.
- GrpWall The maximum wall clock time any job submitted to this group can run for. If this limit is reached submission requests will be denied and the running jobs will be killed.
- MaxCpusPerJob The maximum size in cpus any given job can have from this QOS. Jobs submitted requesting more CPUs than the QOS limit will pend until they conform (possibly indefinitely); to allow such jobs to run may require changing this limit with sacctmgr. See DenyOnLimits below to deny these jobs at submission.
- MaxCPUMinsPerJob Maximum number of CPU*minutes any job with this QOS can run. Jobs submitted requesting more CPU Minutes than the QOS limit will pend until they conform (possibly indefinitely); to allow such jobs to run may require changing this limit with sacctmgr. See DenyOnLimits below to deny these jobs at submission.
- MaxNodesPerJob The maximum size in nodes any given job can have from this association. Jobs submitted requesting more nodes than the QOS limit will pend until they conform (possibly indefinitely); to allow such jobs to run may require changing this limit with sacctmgr. See DenyOnLimits below to deny these jobs at submission.
- MaxWallDurationPerJob The maximum wall clock time any job submitted to this QOS can run for. Jobs submitted requesting time larger than the QOS limit will pend until they conform (possibly indefinitely); to allow such jobs to run may require changing this limit with sacctmgr. See DenyOnLimits below to deny these jobs at submission.
- MaxCpusPerUser Maximum number of CPU's any user with this QOS can be allocated. Jobs submitted requesting more CPU's than the QOS limit will pend until they conform (possibly indefinitely); to allow such jobs to run may require changing this limit with sacctmgr. See DenyOnLimits below to deny these jobs at submission.
- MaxJobsPerUser Maximum number of jobs a user can run with this QOS.
- MaxNodesPerUser Maximum number of nodes that can be allocated to any user with this QOS. Jobs submitted requesting more nodes than the QOS limit will pend until they conform (possibly indefinitely); to allow such jobs to run may require changing this limit with sacctmgr. See DenyOnLimits below to deny these jobs at submission. Each job's node allocation is counted separately (i.e. if a single node has resources allocated to two jobs, this is counted as two allocated nodes).
- MaxSubmitJobsPerUser Maximum number of jobs (pending or running) any user with this QOS can have. As the name implies, if this limit is reached the job will be denied at submission until previous jobs complete from this user.

## Other QOS Options

- Flags Used by the slurmctld to override or enforce certain characteristics. Valid options are:
  - DenyOnLimit If set, jobs using this QOS will be rejected at submission time if they do not conform to the QOS 'Max' limits. By default jobs that go over these limits will pend until they conform.
  - EnforceUsageThreshold If set, and the QOS also has a UsageThreshold, any jobs submitted with this QOS that fall below the UsageThreshold will be held until their Fairshare Usage goes above the Threshold.
  - NoReserve If this flag is set and backfill scheduling is used, jobs using this QOS will not reserve resources in the backfill schedule's map of resources allocated through time. This flag is intended for use with a QOS that may be preempted by jobs associated with all other QOS (e.g use with a "standby" QOS). If the allocated is used with a QOS which can not be preempted by all other QOS, it could result in starvation of larger jobs.
  - PartitionMaxNodes If set, jobs using this QOS will be able to override the requested partition's MaxNodes limit.
  - PartitionMinNodes If set, jobs using this QOS will be able to override the requested partition's MinNodes limit.
  - PartitionTimeLimit If set, jobs using this QOS will be able to override the requested partition's TimeLimit.
  - RequiresReservaton If set, jobs using this QOS must designate a reservation when submitting a job. This option can be useful in restricting usage of a QOS that may have greater preemptive capability or additional resources to be allowed only within a reservation.
- GraceTime Preemption grace time to be extended to a job which has been selected for preemption.
- UsageFactor Usage factor when running with this QOS (i.e. .5 would make it use only half the time as normal in accounting and 2 would make it use twice as much.)
- UsageThreshold A float representing the lowest fairshare of an association allowable to run a job. If an association falls below this threshold and has pending jobs or submits new jobs those jobs will be held until the usage goes back above the threshold. Use sshare to see current shares on the system.

## Configuration

To summarize the above, the QOS's and their associated limits are defined in the Slurm database using the sacctmgr utility. The QOS will only influence job scheduling priority when the multi-factor priority plugin is loaded and a non-zero "PriorityWeightQOS" has been defined in the slurm.conf file. The QOS will only determine job preemption when the "PreemptType" is defined as "preempt/qos" in the slurm.conf file. Limits defined for a QOS (and described above) will override the limits of the user/account/cluster/partition association.

## QOS examples

QOS manipulation examples. All QOS operations are done using the sacctmgr command. The default output of 'sacctmgr show qos' is very long given the large number of limits and options available so it is best to use the format option which filters the display.

By default when a cluster is added to the database a default qos named normal is created.

    $sacctmgr show qos format=name,priority
          Name   Priority
    ---------- ----------
        normal          0

Add a new qos

    $sacctmgr add qos zebra
     Adding QOS(s)
      zebra
     Settings
      Description    = QOS Name

    $sacctmgr show qos format=name,priority
          Name   Priority
    ---------- ----------
        normal          0
         zebra          0

Set QOS priority

    $sacctmgr modify qos zebra set priority=10
     Modified qos...
      zebra

    $sacctmgr show qos format=name,priority
          Name   Priority
    ---------- ----------
        normal          0
         zebra         10

Set some other limits:

    $sacctmgr modify qos zebra set GrpCPUs=24
     Modified qos...
      zebra

    $sacctmgr show qos format=name,priority,GrpCPUs
    format=name,priority,GrpCPUs
          Name   Priority  GrpCPUs
    ---------- ---------- --------
        normal          0
         zebra         10       24

Add a qos to a user account

    $sacctmgr modify user crock set qos=zebra

    $sacctmgr show assoc format=cluster,user,qos
       Cluster       User                  QOS
    ---------- ---------- --------------------
    canis_major                          normal
    canis_major      root                normal
    canis_major                          normal
    canis_major     crock                zebra

Users can belong to multiple qos

    $sacctmgr modify user crock set qos+=alligator
    $sacctmgr show assoc format=cluster,user,qos
       Cluster       User                  QOS
    ---------- ---------- --------------------
    canis_major                          normal
    canis_major      root                normal
    canis_major                          normal
    canis_major     crock       alligator,zebra

Finally delete a qos

    $sacctmgr delete qos alligator
     Deleting QOS(s)...
      alligator

Last modified 9 October 2009